Monday, May 11, 2015

Faster-Than-Light Travel: Are We There Yet?

Long before the Empire struck back, before the United Federation of Planets federated, Isaac Asimov created Foundation, the epic tale of the decline and fall of the Galactic Empire. Asimov’s Empire comprised 25 million planets, knit together by sleek spaceships hurtling through the galaxy.
I can get you there fast! Flickr: Craig Cormack
And how did these spaceships cross the vast gulf between the stars? By jumping through hyperspace, of course, as Asimov himself explains in Foundation:
Travel through ordinary space could proceed at no rate more rapid than that of ordinary light… and that would have meant years of travel between even the nearest of inhabited systems. Through hyper-space, that unimaginable region that was neither space nor time, matter nor energy, something nor nothing, one could traverse the length of the Galaxy in the interval between two neighboring instants of time.
What the heck is Asimov talking about? Did he know something about a secret theory of faster-than-light travel? Hardly. Asimov was participating in a grand science fiction tradition: when confronted with an immovable obstacle to your story, make something up. READ MORE
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At one point,  in the early expansion of the universe,  the expansion did,  in fact,  exceed exceed the speed of light.  So,  like most things we learn about nature,  we do have a clue as to whether or not it can be done.  Obviously,  the theories of how the "big bang" progressed,  include a clue that the speed of light can be exceeded.  Now,  the hard part will be,  determining just what those conditions were, that allowed hyper light speed way back then.  Of course,  even if we manage that,  it's no guarantee that we'll be able to duplicate it.  It may,  very well,  be dependent upon the condition of the universe at that point in time,  which we have no way of duplicating.  Or,  it may reveal that there is a way to do it.

Of course, it's a very mind bending piece of work that's probably best left to the geniuses.  Thank heavens we finally have a program afoot to find these people,  who may,  right now,  be some kid living in abject poverty in some foreign and very backward land.   

Wednesday, April 8, 2015

Hmmm... Just noticed something odd about the Universe etc.,

I was watching a speaker talk about religious beliefs and while he was explaining why dinosaurs didn't live 3 or 4 thousand years ago,  he illustrated the time scale of earth,  from formation to humans using the length of his arm.  That's when it hit me.  It took almost two thirds of the time,  from the formation of earth until the more complex life forms (dinosaurs) appeared.  With humans appearing at the last end of the last third.  Isn't that about what happened with the Universe formation?  It took almost 2/3 of the time from the big bang until now,  for the complex materials (heavier elements) to form in sufficient quantity to produce life capable planets. 

If that's some sort of probability curve,  perhaps the formation of life capable planets and the emergence of intelligent life,  might be more closely grouped on the timeline of the universe,  than previously thought.  I'm thinking Carl Sagan wise,  where he speculates about how large or small the time differences might be,  between human emergence and that of any alien culture.  Where there might be some sort of distribution of habitable planet formation around stars,  that is very closely connected to the two thirds of the time the universe has been in existence. 

Obviously this is a problem of probability,  where,  if some theory,  based on theoretical "observations" were to determine,  for example,   that because of the quantity of heavy elements present at given points in time,  life sustaining planets could not form earlier than THIS = Xn.   Then from
Xn forward the probable rate of planet formation might be deduced by other statistical observations,  to arrive at a period of time, over which habitable planets could begin forming.  From there we would
then theorize that nearly two thirds of the time from formation to now,  would be needed for intelligent life to arrive. 

Of course,  this exercise if mounted,  would still leave some pretty large gaps over which intelligent life might have formed on exto planets,  perhaps on the order of millions to even hundreds of millions of years,  but nothing like the time periods over which we had to guess about before,  which would have been as large as billions of years.  By reducing the possible separation of the times during which life could have appeared anywhere in the universe,  we might just happen on an idea that might tell where best to look. 

It's not so far fetched as one might think at first glance,  after all,  we did discover the "big bang" and were were not only able to locate a time for it,  but times for the emergence of it's various  features as well.  We discovered that the speed of light was not the limit it is today,  but that,  it only imposed itself on the universe after it had cooled and/or expanded to certain proportions. 

Monday, January 26, 2015

Just a few thoughts...


   While trying to wrap my head around quantum mechanics,  the fear of the strange chaotics caused me to seek refuge in the more familiar E=MC².  So I began tearing it apart to see what,  if anything,  might be hidden in there.  Very often formulas tell quite an extended story,  as they always seem to contain more information than what the casual observer can see.

So I say to myself;  Energy equals Mass times the speed of light squared.  It hits me,  why squared?  That would mean that energy is two dimensional,  right?  So where is the other dimension?  Oh,  I see it now,  it's contained in the "Mass Times" part of the equation.  But wait,  let's see:  Mass is detected by weight,  so that's a gravity metric function,  but it also must include space,  since not all masses are equally dense.  Well,  as Einstein told us,  space is really space/time,  so volume is gravitational metrics over space/time.  Then,  not only is gravity and space involved in figuring out how much energy a given mass contains,  time somehow enters the equation as well.  We don't see it,  but it is there.

Well,  that got me to thinking about what else might be there that we don't see and why don't we see it?  So I thought about how before Einstein revealed space/time,  we didn't think that time was a quantity that might have any mass.  But,  from my readings to date,  it certainly seems that time itself is a quantity that may very well have some mass.  Oh gee...  That leads to a whole new branch of thinking about things.

Starting way back in the past,  we learned,  quite reflexively,  to understand the world by attempting to explain the observations we were able to make.  That,  initially led to Fire, Air, Water and Earth being our first elements.  Of course we were wrong,  but it's an understandable mistake (and I might add,  one we continue to make even today).  This is because of two very obvious reasons;  One  is that what we are able to observe doesn't always yield quite enough information,  and Two,  we tend to import mistakes of the past into our future theories by the simple expedient of nomenclature,  the art of naming new things using old terminology.

Take,  for example Dark Matter.  We all know what matter is,  thus by naming Dark Mater as matter,  we inadvertently import all that we know about what we usually call matter.  Could it be that Dark Matter isn't really our normal matter?  After all,  we were only able to detect it once gravitational calculations about the universe went awry.  So,  needing a name for it,  we simply assigned it the name of Dark Matter,  probably because we were looking at it's gravitational influences.  Those being the only "observable" properties we could detect.

So now my mind jumps over to particle/wave theory and I begin thinking;  what if we've gotten that wrong as well?  We detected the electron and thought: Oh,  look at this data,  we have found another of natures discrete particles.  Which is what we thought,  long ago,  about the atom,  as being the indivisible thing from which all the elements were created.  But we were wrong again there,  atoms,  we discovered were made up of even smaller "particles" which,  as you may come to guess,  are probably not particles at all.  But,  they are being thought of as such,  because of our lack of knowledge and understanding,  which causes us to use common assumptions and therefore names that reflect our formerly mistaken ideas and imports all the characteristics we expect discrete particles to have.

Take that electron problem,  where it acts like a wave and behaves like a particle,  all depending on the methods of observation.  Sort of reminds me of that saying that: "When all you have is a hammer,  every problem looks like a nail". LOL.  So,  when you're making a radio or building a generating station,  electrons look like particles,  but when you're building detectors,  the electrons look like waves.  So I thought,  what if electrons were really just "wavicles"?  On the simplistic theory that,  if you have only a hammer,  then all problems look like nails,  but if you have a screwdriver then wouldn't all problems look like screws?  (On the assumption that whatever you do to one side of the equation,  you must do to the other side to balance it). (Insert peals of laughter as needed). But we know that all problems are neither screws or nails.

Okay,  so then I thought,  hey,  if these particles are actually "wavicles",  things that are neither waves nor particles,  but look like either,  depending only on the properties one is equipped to observe at the time,  then it should follow that they are waves in something,  but what?  Then it hit me,  what if they are waves in that Dark Matter?  Then Dark Matter isn't really matter at all,  but... (and here I'm going to reach back into our past and resurrect an old term,  which hopefully,  because of it's new meaning,  won't import more negative learning (which I doubt because it's fallen out of use for so long).  Ether!)  What if Dark Matter is really this ether?  What if it is the substrate that contains all these wavicles?

Imagine a universe filled with this expanding field of Dark Matter/Ether.  Then,  in this ether wavicles form and that is the "matter" we see and observe.  We can't "see the forest for the trees" sort of thing.  We can't see the Dark Matter/Ether,  because we can only interact with the waves it carries upon it's "surface".  Meanwhile Dark energy appears completely inert and non-interactive,  all the while it is pushing everything on it apart.  While the "waves" on it's surface are all these wavicles,  making up the matter we see.  So it could be that Dark Matter is evaporating into Dark Energy,  if so then perhaps at some point,  the creation of Dark Energy would slow and gravity might then win after all.  Of course,  it has to be even more complex than that,  as you'll probably suspect,  if you have any respect for Einstein and his "Within simplicity there is infinite complexity" maxim.

Well here are a few videos that may shed some light on the subject.

7 worst days on Planet Earth 

Does Time Really Exist? 

Dark Matter, Dark Energy the Invisible Universe Full HD, Amazing 

 

 

 

Sunday, January 25, 2015

Quantum Physics


 Published on Aug 22, 2014
Proposed a century ago to better explain the mind-bending behavior of the smallest constituents of the universe, quantum theory has implications far beyond the atom. This rich set of laws has applications both practical and extraordinary — from the technology that has revolutionized modern life to the possibility of parallel worlds.

Our audience joined Alan Alda as he accompanied Brian Greene, Nobel Laureate William Phillips and other leading thinkers at the vanguard of quantum research on an accessible multimedia exploration of the astounding weirdness of the quantum world.

Sign up for our free newsletter to see exclusive features and be the first to get news and updates on upcoming WSF programs: http://www.worldsciencefestival.com/n...
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Tuesday, December 23, 2014

Master Timeline (in progress)


13.7  BILLION YEARS AGO (APPROX) THE BIG BANG 

 At this point in time the entire universe is theorized to have been just a point,  with 
no dimensions.  An incredibly "hot" point,  because temperatures are theoretically
constructed,  based on theoretical states in existence at any point in time.  Since we
know of no other time when any material would exist in this initialized state,  we
cannot even begin to imagine a degree of temperature to assign to this state of
existence of the universe,  all we can say is that it was incredibly "hot",  meaning
that we are trying to convey an image of complete and total disassociation of matter
into a totally unrecognizable form.

Neither time nor space nor gravity,  nor anything else can be theorized to have existed
at that time,  since we have no means of building any theories that can be tested yet, nor
sufficient data that could yield a testable theory about what was going on inside of that
point that the universe was at that distant time. 

VIDEOS:

The Beginning of Everything -- The Big Bang (6 min)

What Caused the Big Bang? 6 minutes (approx)

Stephen Hawking - The Big Bang  (6 minutes approx)

How Do We Know the Universe is Flat?  (6 min)

Master Of The Universe Stephen Hawking Episode 1... MUST WATCH  (48 min)

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380.000 YEARS LATER

Now we have some problems.  First we have antimatter and matter being created in equal
quantities and thus annihilating each other in equal measures.  The problem then is,  how
does matter survive this and why didn't antimatter survive?  Is it simply a matter of
"the luck of the draw"?  Or is there something else going on?  Like,  for instance, could
it be that antimatter is too unstable,  such that it might decay before it gets a chance
to annihilate its partner particle of matter?  

I might theorize that there could be a slight difference in the energy needed by quarks
to form antimatter,  so that as the cooling process proceeded,  matter got the upper hand.
In fact, I could say that this problem goes to other particles that make up matter as well,
perhaps making more ways,  or more particles available to construct matter than antimatter.
Obviously something crippled antimatter production,  what it was is the enduring mystery.

Then there's this dark energy and dark matter.  Could it be that dark matter is actually
space itself?  Then dark energy could be some mix of gravity and time.  What prompts
me to think that is,  E=MC².  That squared function tells me that the energy in mass
is two dimensional.  That makes sense because,  if you were to pave a drive way with
asphalt,  you'd need to know 3 dimensions.  But,  if you were using paving blocks,
the third dimension can be done away with,  you only need width and length.

So, could something similar be going on with dark matter,  where we only
need to know about it,  when we find it's interactions interfere with our calculations.

Perhaps dark matter is space/time and/or the substrate upon which matter is "built"?
 I would then theorize that it is because of dark matter that quantum physics works the way
it does,  because it actually interacts with matter in ways we don't yet suspect.
I know,  it's "quick and dirty" theorizing, but I believe that it's better to have something
in mind,  where possible,  because that makes further reading and watching more
interesting,  since you have something to watch play out,  and either be confirmed or
refuted.  

Okay, then,  the next set of videos I'll try to collect will focus on the aftermath of
the big bang and such.  

Videos:

CHARTS:

Here there be charts aplenty

And a wiki entry here

4.5 BILION YEARS AGO

Early Earth  From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Early Earth is a term usually defined as Earth's first billion years, or gigayear.[1] On the geologic time scale, this comprises all of the Hadean eon (itself unofficially defined), as well as the Eoarchean and part of the Paleoarchean eras of the Archean eon.
This period of Earth's history, being its earliest, involved the planet's formation from the Solar nebula via the process known as accretion. This period also included the formation of the earliest atmosphere and hydrosphere. It was also defined by the emergence of life and, later, photosynthesis. The earliest supracrustals (such as the Isua greenstone belt) date from the latter half of this period, about 3.8 gya, around the same time as peak late heavy bombardment.

Earth: A History 1 hr 31 minutes (A very good uoutube video)

Here's a good video about continental drift (I don't much like the title though but I does give a good dissertation on early continental drift and then goes on into the future of it.) 
Planet Earth 100 Million Years In The Future 49 minutes
 
As far as how water arrived on earth,  they talk about it arriving in salt grains in meteors.  Well,  since the jury is still out we're all free to fashion our own theories.  As for me,  I would not be at all surprised if they discovered that most of the water arrived in the dust that fell on the early earth,  since I suspect that much more dust and micro grain debris fell to earth,  containing more water by volume,  than came in in larger pieces of rock.  Over tens of millions of years I'd think that dust and small grains probably delivered more water to earth than large meteorites/asteroids and comets.

Okay,  here's a great lecture, by Prof Jim Bergin University Of Michigan from 2009  44:32 minutes
How Did Earth Get Its Water?   
Here's a great idea,  remember Theta?  That planet that collided with early Earth to form the moon?
How about if it had a really eccentric orbit that carried it out beyond the asteroid belt a few million times before it hit the earth.  It could have collected lots of water and transferred it to Earth on collision.  Any takers?




Friday, December 19, 2014